Amazing Healthy Formulas
Authentic Colloidal Silver and Copper
The Science of Colloidal Silver
The information provided below is based on the science and facts regarding true colloidal silver, not hype and fictitious terminology found on most silver sites that are trying to outsell the competition.To get a better understanding, so that you may make an informed choice, it is best to start with the differences between colloidal and ionic silver.
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Colloidal silver is made up of tiny nano-particles of metallic silver. The particles are complete and do not combine with other elements. Ionic silver, on the other hand, is an incomplete atom because it is missing the outermost electron. Atoms of elemental silver have 47 protons and 47 electrons. Protons have a positive charge, whereas electrons have a negative charge, and this why a complete atom of silver has no charge, it balances out. An ion of silver has 47 protons and only 46 electrons because the outermost electron has been stripped away during the production process. Since there is one more proton than there are electrons, it causes ionic silver to have a positive charge. For this reason, a silver ion is highly reactive with other elements that have a negative charge, because the ion is "looking" for an electron.
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An ion with a negative charge is called an anion and the most prevalent anion in the body is chloride. Silver ions will immediately combine with chloride once it enter the body and form the insoluble compound of silver chloride. Silver ions and chloride have such a strong attraction for each other that is virtually impossible to keep them apart. Silver chloride is an insoluble salt that does not dissolve inside the body once it has formed. Silver chloride is eliminated by the kidneys and expelled through the urine. If ionic silver is ingested orally it immediately combine with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach to produce silver chloride. If ionic silver is used intravenously it will immediately combine with the 3900 parts per million chloride that is in the blood, once again forming silver chloride.
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Silver Particles Have a Negative Charge
Single atoms of silver cannot exist in water without forming particles due to van der Waals' force of mutual attraction. Individual silver atoms within a few atomic diameters from each other would exert a force of attraction that would be over 100,000 G- forces. Since there is no opposing force to prevent the atoms from coming together, they will aggregate into increasingly larger particles until the particles develop a sufficient Zeta Potential to cause mutual repulsion of the particles and prevent further aggregation.
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In the case of colloidal silver, the silver ions are positively charged, so how do the silver particles acquire a negative charge? Silver ions are created during the electrolysis that makes the colloidal silver. The creation of silver ions would tend to make the net charge of the solution positive. However, solutions always have a net charge very close to zero because Coulomb force is extremely strong, and even a tiny charge imbalance creates enough voltage to ionize everything in-between and cancel it. Ionization breaks the water molecule into hydrogen H+ (positive charge) and hydroxyl ions OH- (negative charge). The negative charge of the hydroxyl ions counters the positive charge of the silver ions and maintains a solution of whose net charge is zero. Thus the negative hydroxyl ions are created at the same time that the positive silver ions and silver particles are created. The hydroxyl ions are non-metallic ions that bond to the atoms of the silver particles thus imparting their negative charge to the particles.
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Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and 2 hydrogens have one each, for a total of 8. Therefore the Lewis structure of H2O is
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This is known as AX4E2 structure (4 electron clouds, 2 unshared pairs)
Which would be bent, with a bond angle of 107 degrees.
The actual bond angle is 105 degrees, due to the repulsion of the 2 unshared pairs.
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When H ionizes as H+, that leaves the non-metallic OH- anion (a negativelly charged ion) which would have the following structure and would be polar
Negative end Positive end
As in the case of sols, when the OH- anion approaches the Ag (silver) atom, although the atom is neutral, the first thing it sees is the 5s1 electron, therefore, the H, or positive , end of the anion is attracted to the atom, leaving the negative end sticking out into the solution. This behavior is well documented for sols (colloidal particles which have charged particles adsorbed on them). The mutual repulsion of the similar charges then stabilizes the colloid by keeping the particles from agglomerating. See the diagram below.
In other words, the positive charged hydroxyl anion attaches to (adsorbs) to the surface of the neutral atom of silver because it is attracted to the negative 5s1 outer orbiting electron. This charge that is "imparted" to the silver particles dispersed in water is called the ZETA Potential. This is how the neutral atoms of silver acquire the negative charge that only true colloidal silver possesses.